Abstract
The rapid growth of financial technology (FinTech) has transformed global financial services, generating strong demand for a workforce with both financial literacy and technological expertise. This study examines the alignment between FinTech education in Bahrain and the evolving needs of its FinTech sector. Although Bahrain has emerged as a regional FinTech hub—supported by progressive regulation and institutional initiatives—concerns remain about the ability of academic programs to prepare graduates for industry demands. Adopting a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design, this research draws on secondary data and thematic analysis to evaluate curriculum relevance, technological integration, and industry-academic collaboration. The findings reveal that while Bahraini institutions have integrated FinTech topics such as blockchain, digital payments, and RegTech into their programs, significant gaps persist. These include insufficient practical training, uneven access to advanced tools, and limited structured engagement between academia and industry. Survey responses confirm a generally positive perception of curricular relevance, yet highlight a widely acknowledged skills gap in areas requiring hands-on application. Correlation analysis further indicates that stronger industry partnerships are positively associated with perceptions of educational adequacy. The study concludes by recommending targeted curriculum reforms, greater investment in educational technologies, and the institutionalization of internships and co-designed projects. By offering evidence-based insights, the research contributes to the broader discourse on workforce readiness in digital economies and provides a replicable framework for strengthening FinTech education in emerging markets.
References
Abdeldayem, M. M., & Al Dulaimi, S. H. (2020). Trends of global FinTech education practices and the GCC perspective. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29, 7150–7163. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342411576
Abdulla, I., Khaled, L., Mohd, K., Hamdan, A., & Akeel, H. (2022, March). Impact of FinTech on the sustainable development of Bahrain during COVID-19 pandemic. In International Conference on Business and Technology (pp. 193–202). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26953-0_20
Ajouz, M., Abuamria, F., Al Zeer, I., Salahat, M., Shehadeh, M., Binsaddig, R., ... & Al-Ramahi, N. M. (2023). Navigating the uncharted: The shaping of FinTech ecosystems in emerging markets. Cuadernos de Economía, 46(132), 189–201. https://cude.es/article/download/469/326
Al Hudithi, F., & Siddiqui, K. A. (2021). Designing the guidelines for FinTech curriculum. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(1), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.9.1(39)
Al Rahma, Y. H., & Al-Alawi, A. (2023, January). How to evaluate success startups: Case of FinTech and cybersecurity in the GCC venture capital market. In 2023 International Conference On Cyber Management and Engineering (CyMaEn) (pp. 469–473). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CyMaEn57228.2023.10051035
Al Rubaiai, I. R., & Pria, S. (2022). Customer usage behaviour of FinTech products in Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Research in Entrepreneurship & Business Studies, 3(3), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.47259/ijrebs.332
Albelal, H. A., Hamdan, A., & Binsaddig, R. (2024). Impact of FinTech adoption on competitiveness and performance of the banks. In Business Development via AI and Digitalization: Volume 1 (pp. 741–751). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62102-4_62
Albastaki, Y. A., Razzaque, A., & Sarea, A. M. (Eds.). (2020). Innovative strategies for implementing FinTech in banking. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3257-7
Alghatam, N. H. (2021). Boundary spanning and the support of digital entrepreneurs: A case study of Bahrain. arXiv Preprint, arXiv:2108.09730. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.09730
Ali, H., Mohamed, H., Hashmi, H. S., & Hassan, M. (2019). Global landscape of the Islamic FinTech: Opportunities, challenges and future ahead. COMSATS Journal of Islamic Finance, 4(2). http://111.68.103.242/index.php/cjif/article/view/40
AlSuwaidi, R. A., & Mertzanis, C. (2024). Financial literacy and FinTech market growth around the world. International Review of Financial Analysis, 95, 103481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103481
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
Badwan, N., & Awad, A. (2022). The impact of financial technological advancement (FinTech) on economic growth: Evidence from Palestine. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 22(23), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2022/v22i2330736
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Doherty, O., & Stephens, S. (2023). Hard and soft skill needs: Higher education and the FinTech sector. Journal of Education and Work, 36(3), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2023.2174954
Glavina, S., Aidrus, I., & Trusova, A. (2021). Assessment of the competitiveness of Islamic FinTech implementation: A composite indicator for cross-country analysis. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(12), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120602
Hamzah, R. Y. (2020). The response of higher education institutions to global, regional, and national challenges. In D. Burgos (Ed.), Radical solutions and open science (pp. 177–190). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4276-3_11
Hazarika, C. I., Khalfan, J., Ahmed, M., Yousif, A., & Hussain, J. (2024). Role of FinTech as an enabler to fulfill HR requirements and attain sustainability. In Business Development via AI and Digitalization: Volume 2 (pp. 59–67). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62106-2_5
Khan, S., & Al-Harby, A. S. A. (2022). The use of FinTech and its impact on financial intermediation: A comparison of Saudi Arabia with other GCC economies. Intellectual Economics, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.13165/IE-22-16-2-03
Knewtson, H. S., Rosenbaum, D. I., & Martinez, R. (2020). A descriptive study of FinTech education: Goals, challenges, and sustainability. In Y. A. Albastaki, A. Razzaque, & A. M. Sarea (Eds.), Innovative strategies for implementing FinTech in banking (pp. 1–19). IGI Global.
Meero, A., Rahiman, H. U., & Rahman, A. A. A. (2020). The prospects of Bahrain's entrepreneurial ecosystem: An exploratory approach. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(4), 402–413. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.33
Musleh Alsartawi, A. (2024). The diffusion of financial technology-enabled innovation in GCC-listed banks and its relationship with profitability and market value. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-01-2024-0010
Reyad, S., & Alsayed, M. (2022). The effectiveness of applying FinTech application in Bahrain: Theoretical perspective. In Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Finance and Sustainable Technology (pp. 3–7). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93464-4_1
Schueffel, P. (2016). Taming the beast: A scientific definition of FinTech. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.004_0004
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
Statista. (2022). Share of students' level of interest in pursuing a career in financial technology in Bahrain in 2018. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1044405/bahrain-share-students-interest-fintech-careers/
Sung, A., Leong, K., Sironi, P., O’Reilly, T., & McMillan, A. (2019). An exploratory study of the FinTech (Financial Technology) education and retraining in UK. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 11(2), 187–198. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-06-2019-0020
Traif, S. E., Alshihabi, I. E., Ajlan, A., Bubshait, A., & Razzaque, A. (2021). Adoption of FinTech by students in higher education institutions. In Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking (pp. 302–329). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6618-3.ch015

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Array